www.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/12/13/cold.flu.desk/index.html
But health experts say that could be the very place that makes them sick. A study by the University of Arizona in 2002 found the typical worker's d esk has hundreds of times more bacteria per square inch than an office t oilet seat. If that's not disturbing enough, desks, phones and other pri vate surfaces are also prime habitats for the viruses that cause colds a nd flu. Bacteria, single-celled organisms, can cause strep throat, pneumonia and other conditions. However, viruses , which are smaller than bacteria, cause colds and flu and cannot be tre ated with antibiotics. Office toilet seats had 49 germs per square inch, he found. Phones were worse -- more than 25,000 germs per square inch. Desks, phones, computer keyboards and mice are key germ transfer points b ecause people touch them so often, Gerba said, adding that coughing and sneezing can leave behind "a minefield of viruses" that can live on a su rface for up to three days. But health experts say that simple office hy giene can reduce infection risks dramatically. "We know that 80 percent of the infections you get are transmitted throug h the environment," Gerba said. Bacteria cafeteria Wiping down work areas with disinfectant wipes every day reduces bacteria significantly, Gerba said. But at many offices, custodians don't touch people's desks to avoid accid ental misplacement or loss of important documents. "Nobody ever cleans a desktop until they start sticking to it, from what we've found," he said. "A lot of people eat and slop on their desks all the time so it basically turns into a bacteria cafeteria during the day, and that's one of the reasons you get a lot on your desktops." Roslyn Stone, chairwoman of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventio n's Workplace Flu Prevention Group, had another low-tech recommendation -- washing your hands. "Soap and hot water for 18 to 20 seconds as frequently as you can remembe r to do it is going to be your single most effective prevention tip this season," she said. Stone also urged people not to go to work if they're sick to avoid spread ing the disease to their co-workers. start quote Nobody ever cleans a desktop until they start sticking to it ... A lot of people eat and slop on their desks all the time so it basic ally turns into a bacteria cafeteria. Charles Gerba However, she acknowledged that it can be hard to stay home since the peak flu months are December and January -- the busiest time of year for ret ailers and a time when many workers have either used all their sick time or are rationing it to last through the New Year. Lori Rosen, a workplace analyst with CCH Incorporated, recommended that c ompanies put together guidelines to tell their employees when to stay ho me and when it is OK to come to work. "Sometimes people don't know, and even though they know when they should keep their kids home from school, they don't know that about themselves because they think, 'Well, I'm an adult I can deal with it differently,' but in fact it probably isn't," she said. Stone said a basic guideline would be for workers to stay home until they are free of symptoms -- fever, sore throat, nausea or diarrhea -- for a t least 24 hours. Flu costs Workers in the United States miss an average of 15 days per year because of the flu and that could cost businesses $20 billion in lost productiv ity this year, said Harvard University health economist David Cutler. He said the shortage of vaccine could make the problem larger than most y ears. "There's this hero thing that people think 'If I can get myself dressed i n some manner and drag myself -- even if somebody has to drive me -- to the office, I'll go in,'" Rosen said. Ron Goetzel, director of the Cornell Institute for Health and Product ivity Studies, said that this sort of "presenteeism" puts other workers at risk and also hurts companies' bottom lines. "The employer is paying you to come in and work," he said " and ... you'r e suffering from a condition that knocks off two out of 8 hours of the d ay. In a sense the employer is paying you for a full day of work but you 're only delivering 75 percent of that."
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