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| 11/23 |
| 2008/4/14-19 [Health/Disease/AIDS, Health/Men] UID:49747 Activity:kinda low |
4/14 Political correctness over science
http://csua.org/u/l9y
\_ I think you have it exactly backwards; the Red Cross' position is
\_ I think you have it exactly backwards; the FDA's position is
fear-mongering over science. -tom
\_ Oh, classification as high-risk isn't science?
\_ All blood is tested. The vast majority of gay men are HIV-.
\_ How good is the test? What is the percentage of men who
have sex with men who have HIV compared to percentage of
men who don't have sex with men?
\_ The test is good enough that the Red Cross and
America's Blood Centers call the FDA's policy
"medically and scientifically unwarranted." But
feel free to keep digging. -tom
\_ So you don't know the comparative percentages?
\_ Keep digging. -tom
\_ "The FDA said HIV tests currently in use are
highly accurate, but still cannot detect the
virus 100 percent of the time."
\_ How accurate is it?
\_ Maybe they did a cost-benefit analysis of whether the
increase in infections due to false negatives from a higher
risk population outweighs the benefit of the extra blood.
How often do HIV tests give false negatives?
\_ Maybe you're talking out of your ass.
\_ I would be astonished if any kind of real risk analysis was
done. Just like most things in our society, it is all a result
of pandering to the worst instincts in people.
\_ Eh, the Red Cross got burned very badly in the 80's on
HIV. People dying from blood donations is not cool. I
can understand why they're touchy about it. They are very
touchy about a lot of other things as well, visiting
prostitutes, traveling through malaria infested areas,
any possible exposure to hepetitis, feeling even SLIGHTY
under the weather, etc.
\_ The Red Cross thinks the policy should be changed. -tom
\_ African American men are 8x more likely to have HIV
than white males.
African American women are over 18x more likely to
have HIV than white females.
( http://www.whitehouse.gov/onap/facts.html )
Would you be ok with the Red Cross saying if you are
black you can't give blood?
\_ Oh man. You're asking this on the motd? Here we
go...
\_ Your numbers don't really say anything, but I'll
wager that even at 18x the rate of whites,
it's still not 'high-risk' the way gay men are.
If blacks are high-risk, then sure. Giving blood
is not a right, it's not even a privilege.
Addendum: according to a 1994-2000 study, about 10%
of Men who have sex with men have HIV. That's a
pretty huge risk.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5205a2.htm
\_ That same survey claims HIV among african
americans is even higher. I think that you are
extrapolating bad data though. It's not saying
10% of all gay men have HIV.
\_ No, the study refers to black men in the
survey, not among Blacks generally.
\_ I think you mean black gay/bi men.
\_ Doesn't it say about 10% of men they tested
and interviewed 'who attended MSM-identified
venues?' I guess that is sort of self-selected.
Go ahead and find some better data.
\_ The whitehouse fact sheet says there are ~900k
HIV cases in america. There are more than 9
million men who have had sex with men.
\_ How many MSM are there in the US?
\_ Even so, about 70% of new AIDS cases are
due to MSM contact. Given that this is
also a realitively small section of the
population, that makes it THE high risk
behavior. (They also include high-risk
heterosexual contact and IV drug use as
people who can't give blood.)
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/msm/resources/factsheets/msm.htm
\_ None of this discussion above approaches a real
cost-benefit analaysis, but at least it is a
discussion about what the real risk is. How many
people catch diseases today due to blood
transfusions? What would that percentage look like
if gay men were allowed to donate? How much is
the cost of the additional diseases? How much does
it cost the country to have the reduced blood
supply? You would have to answer all these
questions (and probably some more) before you
could do a real risk analysis. Simply being
risk adverse is not the same thing. Most people
are sheep and terrified of shit that is never
going to happen to them, like terrorism.
\_ Unless you're one of the people killed by it
or knows someone who was. But that'll never
happen. Bad stuff only happens to other
people.
\_ Or unless you're one of the people killed
because of a blood shortage. Risk works
both ways. -tom
\_ Is there any evidence that excluding
certain high risk groups will result in
a blood shortage or are you just talking
out of your ass again?
\_ I am sure that it costs money. How
much money? Has anyone actually
bothered to do the calculation?
much, we will never know, because
fear, not logic, rules the human
heart.
\_ If you are that fearful, how do you ever
gather the courage to leave your house in
the morning? I am sure your chances of dying
in a car accident on the way to work are
much greater than any risk caused by tainted
blood. You are one of the sheep I was
referring to earlier. Your masters have
told you to be fearful and you bleat
approvingly, not even understanding why.
\_ Wow, perfect example of someone who
has lost trying to regain some face.
Sadly, you've failed.
\_ People are poor gaugers of risk, that's well
known. I bet you are to, do you think
swimming is a good idea?
Anyway, to respond to the only intelligent
thing you said, if you want to know, why not
ask the Red Cross? Seems more effective than
trolling the motd. I know they have some
numbers on tainted blood. They check
carefully to make sure a donor does not have
a cold, for example. Why? Because many
people receiving blood have suppressed
immune systems. They could certainly tell
you if there is a serious blood shortage that
people die from. (I doubt it)
As for a real risk analysis, I bet part of
the answer is that the PR aspect would result
in more deaths than actually tainted blood
would. It only takes one case to get people
into a tizzy, and some people would refuse
blood because they wouldn't trust the
FDA to have correctly analyzed and advertised
the real risks.
\_ I get paid to do risk analysis, so at least
someone thinks I am good at it. If nothing
else, I have more experience at it than
most people. Colds are common and hard
to screen for, HIV is neither. I am glad to
see that you are at least starting to come
around to my main point: the only thing we
have to fear is fear itself. And rather than
reassure people, the Red Cross just pandered
to the fear-mongering. So it goes.
else, I have more experience than most.
Colds are common and hard to screen for,
HIV is neither. I am glad to see that you
are at least starting to come around to
my main point: the only thing we have to
fear is fear itself. And rather than
reassure people, the Red Cross just
pandered to the fear-mongering. So it goes.
\_ I see you still can't provide any
evidence to back up your speculation.
The opposing debators have provided
quite a bit of evidence that doesn't
100% answer your question, but does
show that a reasonable risk exists.
I don't want to hear your useless
blather, put up or shut up.
\_ No, they have not provided any
hard evidence for their opinions
whatsover. Here, read this and get
back to me:
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4989
"it appears at this time that the
risk of possible transfusion-
associated AIDS is on the order of
one case per million patients
transfused. There is a risk that
widespread attempts to direct
donations, while not increasing the
safety of transfusions, will seriously
disrupt the nation's blood donor
system."
(Page 74)
\_ "The Red Cross thinks the policy
should be dropped." |
| 11/23 |
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| csua.org/u/l9y -> media.www.thespartandaily.com/media/storage/paper852/news/2008/04/10/News/Suspensions.Impact.On.Blood.Center.Unclear-3314742.shtml Email * Page 1 of 1 Media Credit: CARLOS MORENO, Special to the Daily Media Credit: CARLOS MORENO, Special to the Daily It has been almost three months since SJSU President Don Kassing made the decision to suspend blood drives on campus and about one month since Evergreen Valley College and San Jose City College followed suit. "The number is obviously smaller this year," Krannich said. "I can't blame it specifically on San Jose State, but I can give you the facts." For the months of January through March of 2007, the blood center collected 11,302 units, or pints, the amount one person can give at a time. The center collected 10,453 units in January through March of this year. The numbers for the Northern California region of the American Red Cross were unavailable. Michele Hyndman, the center's public relations representative, said it's not easy to determine a direct correlation between the schools' suspensions and the difference in units from last year because there are so many variables. "The most obvious impact is that of the units we're not collecting from San Jose State this year," Hyndman said. "We would have collected blood from over 300 donors on San Jose (State's) campus that we are now missing out on." The blood drive suspension implemented by the three schools makes it less likely for people to want to donate blood, she said. "It's easy enough for people not to want to donate blood to begin with," Hyndman said. "Controversy can only hurt it in making it more difficult to get to the donors that would donate." According to the Web site for Blood Centers of the Pacific, blood drives make up about one half of all donations in the US Some students said they'd give blood if a donation center or blood drive were more conveniently located. "I don't really go and find blood drives," said Earl Villorente, a junior behavioral science and psychology major. "If something comes up and it's really close, I'll do it." Uche Anyanwu, a senior computer science major, said he has never given blood but might if there were blood drives on campus. Yevgen Tizenberg, a freshman kinesiology major, said he doesn't give blood at all. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail Email notify doesn't work unless you are logged in. Email notify will not work because you are not currently logged in. I understand posting spam or other comments that are unrelated to this article will cause my comment to be flagged for deletion and possibly cause my IP address to be permanently banned from this server. |
| www.whitehouse.gov/onap/facts.html Appointments * Nominations * Applications Home > Government > Office of National AIDS Policy > Summary Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS The HIV/AIDS Epidemic: 20 Years in the US ^* AIDS Information in the US Statistics Number of people living with HIV/AIDS Approx. Number of people who may not know they are HIV pos. Approx. Number of new HIV infections per year Approx. Billion (26%) Health care services: Dept. |
| www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5205a2.htm MMWR HIV/STD Risks in Young Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Do Not Disclose Their Sexual Orientation --- Six US Cities, 1994--2000 To avoid social isolation, discrimination, or verbal or physical abuse, many men who have sex with men (MSM), especially young and minority MSM, do not disclose their sexual orientation (1--3). Young MSM who do not disclose their sexual orientation (nondisclosers) are thought to be at particularly high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of low self-esteem, depression, or lack of peer support and prevention services that are available to MSM who are more open about their sexuality (disclosers) (1--3). However, the risks for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are unknown for nondisclosers. To better understand the prevention needs of young MSM, CDC analyzed data from the Young Men's Survey (YMS) to compare HIV/STD risk differences between nondisclosers and disclosers. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that 8% of 637 nondisclosers were infected with HIV compared with 11% of 4,952 disclosers. Among blacks, the prevalence of HIV infection was 14% among 199 nondisclosers compared with 24% among 910 disclosers. Compared with disclosers, nondisclosers had similar high risks for other STDs, reported less sexual behavior with men and more sexual behavior with women, reported less use of HIV testing services, and, among those who were HIV infected, were less likely to be aware of their infection. To reduce HIV/STD transmission among young MSM and their female sex partners, comprehensive HIV/STD testing and prevention programs for young nondisclosers, especially for those who are black, should be developed or expanded. YMS was a cross-sectional survey conducted during 1994--2000 of men aged 15--29 years who attended MSM-identified venues in six US metropolitan areas (Baltimore, Maryland; Participants were interviewed with a standard questionnaire, had blood drawn for testing, and were provided HIV/STD prevention counseling and referral for care. Specimens were tested for HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) with standard assays. HBV infection was defined as the presence of HBV surface antigen or antibodies to HBV core antigen. Disclosure was assessed with the following measure: "Using this card, choose the number that best describes how out' you currently are about having sex with men. By out,' we mean you let others know that you are sexually attracted to men." Responses were measured on a 7-point scale (eg, 1, "Not out to anyone;" Participants who answered 1 or 2 were defined as nondisclosers, and participants who answered 3--7 were defined as disclosers. Participants who answered 1 or 2 were grouped together because of similarities in their demographic characteristics, reported risk behaviors, and prevalence of HIV infection. Differences between nondisclosers and disclosers were evaluated by using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test controlling for city, age group, and race/ethnicity (if applicable). Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity for those groups that had >50 nondisclosers. Some analyses were restricted to men aged 15--22 years because YMS was conducted in two different phases, and some questions were not repeated in the second phase, which was conducted among men aged 23--29 years. In the six cities, 5,589 MSM participated in YMS (range by city: 815--1,060). The participation rate among eligible men was 59% (range: 54%--66%). A total of 637 (11%) MSM were defined as nondisclosers (range: 7%--14%); of these, 349 (55%) were aged 15--22 years (median: 22 years; Among racial/ethnic minorities, age was not associated with nondisclosure. The 637 nondisclosing MSM reported a median of five male (interquartile range: 2--13) and three female (interquartile range: 1--12) sex partners during their lifetime. During the preceding 6 months, 212 (33%) reported having unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with men, and 169 (27%) reported having unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse (UI) with women. Similar high proportions of disclosers and nondisclosers reported perceiving themselves to be at low risk for HIV infection and using a regular source of health care; Nondisclosers reported a median of only one previous HIV test (interquartile range: 0--2); No differences were observed in the high prevalence of HBV infection and self-reported previous STDs between disclosers and nondisclosers; However, black nondisclosers were more likely to perceive themselves to be at low risk for ever acquiring HIV compared with all other nondisclosers (68% versus 56%; Similar proportions of HIV-infected nondisclosers (n = 51) and disclosers (n = 522) reported engaging in UAI with male partners during the preceding 6 months (51% versus 50%) and injecting drugs during their lifetime (8% versus 12%). HIV-infected nondisclosers were more likely than disclosers to report being unaware of their infection (98% versus 75%; Reported by: DA Shehan, Univ of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas. DF Johnson, MPH, Los Angeles County Dept of Health Svcs, California. DD Celentano, ScD, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. H Thiede, DVM, Public Health--Seattle and King County, Seattle, Washington. DA MacKellar, MPH, GS Secura, MPH, S Behel, LA Valleroy, PhD, GW Roberts, PhD, Div of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC. Editorial Note: The findings in this report are consistent with previous research suggesting that among MSM, nondisclosure of sexual orientation is associated with being a member of a racial/ethnic minority group, identifying as bisexual or heterosexual, having greater perceived community and internalized homophobia, and being less integrated socially within homosexual communities (1--3,6). Although this study did not find that nondisclosing MSM were at higher risk for HIV infection than MSM who are more open about their sexuality (1--3), the data suggest that a substantial proportion of nondisclosers are infected with HIV and other STDs and are at high risk for transmitting these infections to their male and female sex partners. The finding that more than one in three nondisclosers reported having recent female sex partners suggests that nondisclosing MSM might have an important role in HIV/STD transmission to women. This might be particularly true for black nondisclosing MSM, of whom approximately one in five was infected with HBV and one in seven was infected with HIV. To help prevent further HIV/STD transmission among young MSM and their female sex partners, greater efforts are needed to increase public awareness and to develop or expand HIV/STD testing and prevention programs to meet the needs of nondisclosers, particularly those who are black. The findings in this report suggest that public-awareness and prevention programs should be developed for nondisclosing MSM to reduce internalized homophobia and other factors that influence nondisclosure, barriers to HIV/STD testing and prevention services, low-risk perception, and high-risk behavior, including the risk for transmission to male and female sex partners. Corresponding efforts also should be developed for women to increase knowledge of HIV/STD acquisition risks from partners who might be bisexual and of where to obtain confidential testing and prevention services for themselves and their partners. Prevention managers should intensify outreach efforts to provide HIV/STD testing, risk reduction, and health-care referral services to nondisclosers who avoid homosexually identified prevention organizations. To facilitate risk disclosure from young MSM, health-care providers should create discrete and nonjudgmental environments and ensure that patients are aware of confidentiality safeguards and of the importance of disclosing accurate risk information . The findings in this report are subject to at least three limitations. First, information about the types of persons to whom disclosure was provided or withheld was not collected routinely. Second, the percentage of young MSM defined as nondisclosers in this... |
| www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/msm/resources/factsheets/msm.htm Links space LEGEND: PDF Icon Link to a PDF document Non-Fed Web Link Link to non-governmental site and does not necessarily represent the views of the CDC Adobe Acrobat (TM) Reader needs to be installed on your computer in order to read documents in PDF format. The recent overall increase in HIV diagnoses for MSM, coupled with racial disparities, strongly points to a continued need for appropriate prevention and education services tailored for specific subgroups of MSM, especially those who are members of minority races/ethnicities. STATISTICS HIV/AIDS in 2005 (The following bullets refer to the 33 states with long-term, confidential name-based HIV reporting. Transmission categories of male adults and adolescents with HIV/AIDS diagnosed during 2005 No. Based on data from 33 states with long-term, confidential name-based HIV reporting. Based on 33 states with long-term, confidential name-based HIV reporting. RISK FACTORS AND BARRIERS TO PREVENTION Sexual Risk Factors Sexual risk factors account for most HIV infections in MSM These factors include unprotected sex and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Some of these men may be serosorting, or only having sex (or unprotected sex) with a partner whose HIV serostatus, they believe, is the same as their own. Although serosorting between MSM who have tested HIV-positive is likely to prevent new HIV transmission to persons who are not infected, the effectiveness of serosorting between men who have tested HIV-negative has not been established. Serosorting with condom use may further reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Young black MSM in this study were more likely to be unaware of their infection-approximately 9 of 10 young black MSM compared with 6 of 10 young white MSM Of the men who tested positive, most (74%) had previously tested negative for HIV infection, and 59% believed that they were at low or very low risk. Substance use can increase the risk for HIV transmission through the tendency toward risky sexual behaviors while under the influence and through sharing needles or other injection equipment. Complacency about Risk More than 25 years into the HIV epidemic, there is evidence of an underestimation of risk, of difficulty in maintaining safer sex practices, and of a need to sustain prevention efforts for all gay and bisexual men. Not having seen firsthand the toll of AIDS in the early years of the epidemic, young MSM may be less motivated to practice safer sex. MSM Who Are HIV-positive HAART has enabled HIV-infected MSM to live longer. However, HAART's success means there are more MSM living with HIV who have the potential to transmit the virus to their sex partners. This emphasizes the importance of focusing prevention efforts on those who are living with HIV. The Internet may also normalize certain risky behaviors by making others aware of these behaviors and creating new connections between those who engage in them. At the same time, however, the Internet has the potential to be a powerful tool for use with HIV prevention interventions. Social Discrimination and Cultural Issues MSM are members of all communities, all races and ethnicities, and all strata of society. To reduce the rate of HIV infection, prevention efforts must be designed with respect for the many differences among MSM and with recognition of the discrimination against MSM and other persons infected with HIV in many parts of the country. Therefore, prevention programs directed to gay-identified neighborhoods may not reach these MSM * For Hispanic MSM, unique cultural factors may discourage openness about homosexuality: machismo, the high value placed on masculinity; simpatia, the importance of smooth, nonconfrontational relationships; Therefore, MSM with more than 1 of these problems may have additional risk factors for HIV infection. The expansion and wider awareness of this type of research, which shows the additive effect of various psychosocial problems, will result in more precise prevention efforts. Differences within the MSM Population Even though MSM constitute a group at risk for HIV, not all MSM are at risk for HIV. Analyzing the context within which individuals of the larger MSM community live and socialize may be a promising method for developing and focusing HIV interventions. This study of more than 5,000 HIV-negative MSM found that older men with large numbers of sex partners, young men who used "party" drugs, and older men who used nitrate inhalants were most likely to contract HIV. The appreciation of differences within the MSM community will aid in the development of successful HIV prevention interventions. Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health-Care Settings in 2006. These recommendations include the routine HIV screening of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health care settings in the United States. This initiative comprises 4 strategies: making HIV testing a routine part of medical care, implementing new models for diagnosing HIV infections outside medical settings, preventing new infections by working with HIV-infected persons and their partners, and further decreasing perinatal HIV transmission. Given that a large number of HIV-infected MSM are unaware of their infection, HIV testing is an important strategy for this population. MSM who engage in high-risk behaviors (eg, unprotected anal sex with casual partners) should be tested more frequently. MSM as a group continues to be the population most affected by HIV infection and AIDS. Of these 54 awards, 63% focus on African Americans, 43% on Hispanics, 13% on Asians and Pacific Islanders, and 20% on whites (the percentages do not add to 100% because some of the organizations focus on more than one racial/ethnic group). For example, * An organization in Jefferson County, Alabama, that provides a range of services, including individual counseling, community and street outreach, and interventions for African American men and Spanish-speaking men * An organization in New York City that provides HIV/AIDS-related services, education, and research to Asian and Pacific Islander communities * An organization offering HIV/AIDS services throughout Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties and San Diego that is committed to enhancing the health and well-being of the Latino community and other underserved communities through community education, prevention, mobilization, advocacy, and direct social services. Understanding HIV and AIDS Data AIDS surveillance: Through a uniform system, CDC receives reports of AIDS cases from all US states and dependent areas. Since the beginning of the epidemic, these data have been used to monitor trends because they are representative of all areas. The data are statistically adjusted for reporting delays and for the redistribution of cases initially reported without risk factors. As treatment has become more available, trends in new AIDS diagnoses no longer accurately represent trends in new HIV infections; these data now represent persons who are tested late in the course of HIV infection, who have limited access to care, or in whom treatment has failed. HIV surveillance: Monitoring trends in the HIV epidemic today requires collecting information on HIV cases that have not progressed to AIDS. Areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting requirements use the same uniform system for data collection on HIV cases as for AIDS cases. A total of 33 states (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) have collected these data for at least 5 years, providing sufficient data to monitor HIV trends and to estimate risk behaviors for HIV infection. HIV/AIDS: This term is used to refer to 3 categories of diagnoses collectively: a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), a diagnosis of HIV infection and a later diagnosis of AIDS, and concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection... |
| www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4989 Authoring Organizations Description: During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had ... Read More Reviews: "This very useful book essentially represents the work of the Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products of the Institute of Medicine, which was formed in 1993. It chronicles the history of how government and the private ... back to top Description During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had received transfusions, experts disagreed about whether blood and blood products could transmit the disease. During this period of great uncertainty, decisionmaking regarding the blood supply became increasingly difficult and fraught with risk. This volume provides a balanced inquiry into the blood safety controversy, which involves private sexual practices, personal tragedy for the victims of HIV/AIDS, and public confidence in America's blood services system. The book focuses on critical decisions as information about the danger to the blood supply emerged. The committee draws conclusions about what was done--and recommends what should be done to produce better outcomes in the face of future threats to blood safety. The committee frames its analysis around four critical area * Product treatment--Could effective methods for inactivating HIV in blood have been introduced sooner? back to top Reviews "This very useful book essentially represents the work of the Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products of the Institute of Medicine, which was formed in 1993. It chronicles the history of how government and the private sector dealt with the issue of protecting the US blood supply from HIV infection in the 1980s, provides an excellent overview of the US blood supply system, and details issues such as product treatment, donor screening and deferral, regulations and recall, and risk communication to physicians and patients. The issues identified by the committee and its recommendations not only relate to HIV but to all risks associated with blood and blood products. As a consequence, this volume is highly recommended to a broad range of readers from treating clinicians to public health specialists and policy makers. It is comprehensive, extremely well written, and represents an important current contribution to this important field." About Our PDFs This book can be purchased as a computer file. To open, view and print the file, you must have third party software (eg Adobe Reader or XPDF) installed on your computer. Download it to your laptop and read it whenever, wherever. to read the book immediately and also own a copy for your bookshelf ... After buying the PDF, we will email you instructions on how to download the file from our Web site. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement <table style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1px solid; cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="158" border="0" height="200"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; valign="top" align="right" width="129" colspan="2" height="38"> <img style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; gif" width="129" height="38" alt="" border="0" align="top"> </td> <td style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; gif" width="29" valign="top" style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; id=4989&type=tinycov" width="70" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 2px" valign="top" align="middle"><span style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; record_id=4989&utm_source=Networ k&utm_medium=Widgetv2&utm_content=v2&utm_campaign=Widget">Full Book</a> | <a style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; |