en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concealed_carry
some states restrict the weapon to a single handgun, whereas others permit multiple handguns or even martial arts weapons to be carried. CCW is a more generalized form of what some states call a concealed handgun license (CHL).
In 13 states, the same permit or license is required to open-carry a handgun, but most states do not require a permit or license to carry openly; in six states, even with concealed-carry licenses or permits, open-carry is wholly prohibited.
Vermont extends the right to carry without requiring a permit to non-residents as well as to residents, but issues no permits to residents that could function to allow reciprocal concealed carry rights for Vermont residents while in other states.
There are currently movements in each of these states to pass concealed-carry laws. Legislation was passed in 2004 and again in 2005 but vetoed by the respective governors.
Reciprocal recognition of concealed-carry privileges and rights vary state-to-state, are negotiated between individual states, and sometimes additionally depend on the residency status of the license holder, even when holding a permit or license. Presently, a license or permit from most states, held by a resident of that state, is recognized in approximately 30 other states. In contrast, a license or permit from most states, held by a non-resident of that state, is recognized in slightly fewer than 30 other states at present.
A licensee residing in one state may be able to carry or transport a weapon concealed in another state provided there is a reciprocity agreement between the two states. A licensee is considered to have constructive knowledge of the law as it applies (that is, courts will presume the licensee knows the law within the reciprocal state). Legislation, case-law, and interpretation thereof by law enforcement agencies change rapidly and frequently in this area of law, and online sources may not be reliable or up-to-date.
Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act, 18 US Code 926B and 926C. This federal law allows two classes of persons -- the "qualified law enforcement officer" and the "qualified retired law enforcement officer" -- to carry a concealed firearm in any jurisdiction in the United States, regardless of any state or local law to the contrary, with certain exceptions.
edit Training Recognizing the responsibility associated in concealed-carrying a firearm, some states require concealed carry applicants to participate in a training course. Most courses have a classroom and range component, often being completed in one to two days.
deadly force must be a matter of last resort, when life or limb is endangered, when escape or retreat are foreclosed, and warnings are given but ignored. During the range portion of the course the applicant typically learns and demonstrates safe handling of a firearm, how to safely operate the handgun, and accurate shooting from common self-defense distances. Most states require a certain proficiency to receive a passing grade. Some states recognize the safety and use-of-force training given to military personnel as acceptable.
edit Legal Liability Liability is present where the licensee brandishes the weapon, threatens use, or exacerbates a volatile situation, or when the licensee is carrying while intoxicated.
Less common is unregulated, legal concealed carry such as in Vermont and Alaska. Furthermore, minimum age requirements of 18 or 21 years are typical. Even in localities where concealed carrying is permitted, there may be legal restrictions on where a person may carry a concealed weapon.
In many states, a law-abiding permit holder may not carry in any establishment licensed to dispense alcohol for on-premises consumption. Further restrictions may be placed on what kind of guns may be carried and how many a person may carry at one time.
First Amendment: "The Supreme Court held in Lamont v Postmaster General (1965) that the First Amendment prevents the government from registering purchasers of magazines and newspapers -- even if such material is "communist political propaganda."
edit Research into the effects of concealed carry laws on crime There have been many studies published in academic journals regarding the effects of various concealed carry laws on crime rate. Academics have also taken the debate outside of journals, writing books, blogs, and having debates on the subject. The effect of various concealed carry laws are the subject of past and present research.
John Lott's analysis of crime report data has shown some statistically significant effects of concealed carry laws. One major conclusion was that locations which enacted more permissive concealed carry laws had a decrease in violent crime but an increase in property crime.
Don Kates summarizes the consensus reached by criminological research into gun control thus: "Unfortunately, an almost perfect inverse correlation exists between those who are affected by gun laws, particularly bans, and those whom enforcement should affect. Those easiest to disarm are the responsible and law abiding citizens whose guns represent no meaningful social problem.
University of Washington public health professor Brandon Centerwall prepared a study comparing homicide rates between Canada and the US, as the two countries are very similar, yet have different handgun ownership rates. In his conclusions he published the following admonition: "If you are surprised by my findings, so are we. We did not begin this research with any intent to "exonerate" handguns, but there it is -- a negative finding, to be sure, but a negative finding is nevertheless a positive contribution.
Distribution by age is generally proportionate to the adult population. Florida reports 26% of permit-holders are in the 21-35 age group, 36% are 36-50, 27% are 51-65, and 11% are over age 65.
Concealed Weapon / Firearm Summary Report - October 1, 1987 to June 30, 2007, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services - Division of Licensing, Retrieved August 2007 18.
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