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| 5/25 |
| 2004/11/3 [Politics/Domestic/California, Politics/Domestic/President/Reagan] UID:34627 Activity:moderate |
11/3 Historically, what is the longest duration which we had a
republican president? what about democratic?
\_ see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us_president#List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States
\_ see : http://tinyurl.com/5hna3 |
| 5/25 |
|
| en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us_president#List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States superpower status of the United States, the American P resident is often dubbed "the most powerful person on earth" and the cur rent occupant is often one of the world's best-known figures. natural-born citizen of the United States (or a citizen of th e United States at the time the US Constitution was adopted), be at le ast 35 years of age, and have been a resident of the United States for 1 4 years. The natural-born citizenship requirement has been the subject of some con troversy in recent years. Some commentators argue that the clause should be repealed because it excludes qualified people based on technicalitie s, and fails to appreciate the contributions made by immigrants to Ameri can society. limits the President to either two fo ur-year terms or a maximum of ten years in office should he have succeed ed to the Presidency previously and served less than two years completin g his predecessor's term. Vice President are the only two nationally elected officials i n the United States. The votes were tallied and the person receiving the greatest number of votes (provided that such a num ber was a majority of electors) became President, while the individual w ho was in second place became Vice President. affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithful ly execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of t he United States." Herbert H oover have chosen to affirm rather than swear. The oath is traditionally ended with, "So help me God," although for religious reasons some Presi dents have said, "So help me." Constitution sa ys, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." To carry out this responsibility, the president presides over the executive branch of the federal government a vast organization numbering about 4 million people, including 1 million active-duty military personnel. Civil Service system, in which appointm ent and promotion are based on ability and experience. The President is also responsible for preparing the budget of the United States, although the Congress must approve it. Act of Congress, and, unless two- thirds of the members of each house vote to override the veto, the bill does not become law. Much of the legislation dealt with by Congress is drafted at the initiati ve of the executive branch. In annual and special messages to Congress, the president may propose legislation he believes is necessary. State of the Union Address tradit ionally given in January. Before a joint session of Congress, the Presid ent outlines the status of the country and his legislative proposals for the upcoming year. If Congress should adjourn without acting on those p roposals, the president has the power to call it into special session. B ut beyond this official role, the president, as head of a political part y and as principal executive officer of the US government, is primaril y in a position to influence public opinion and thereby to influence the course of legislation in Congress. Presidential aides keep abreast of all important legislative ac tivities and try to persuade senators and representatives of both partie s to support administration policies. Supreme Court, is subject to confirmation by the S enate. Another significant power is that of granting a full or condition al pardon to anyone convicted of breaking a federal law except in a ca se of impeachment. The pardoning power has come to embrace the power to shorten prison terms and reduce sentences. edit Foreign affairs Under the Constitution, the president is the federal official primarily r esponsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations. The president appoints ambassadors, ministers, and consuls subject to confirmation by the Senate and receives foreign ambassadors and other public officials. With the secretary of state, the president manages all official contacts with foreign governments. On occasion, the president may personally participate in summit conferences where chiefs of state m eet for direct consultation. Department of Defense, the president is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. The president decides whether to recognize new nations and new governments, and negotiate treaties wi th other nations, which become binding on the United States when approve d by two-thirds of the Senate. edit Constraints on Presidential power Because of the vast array of presidential roles and responsibilities, cou pled with a conspicuous presence on the national and international scene , political analysts have tended to place great emphasis on the presiden t's powers. imperial presidency," ref erring to the expanded role of the office that Franklin D Roosevelt mai ntained during his term. One of the first sobering realities a new president discovers is an inher ited bureaucratic structure that can be difficult to manage and slow to change direction. The president's power to appoint extends only to some 3,000 people out of a civilian government work force of about 3 million. civil serv ice) often operates independently of presidential interventions, has don e so through earlier administrations, and will continue to do so in the future. New presidents are immediately confronted with a backlog of deci sions from the outgoing administration. Medicare health insurance for the elderly), which are man dated by law. In foreign affairs, presidents must conform with treaties and informal agreements negotiated by their predecessors in office. As the happy euphoria of the post-election "honeymoon" dissipates, the ne w president discovers that Congress has become less cooperative and the media more critical. The president is forced to build at least temporary alliances among diverse, often antagonistic interests economic, geogr aphic, ethnic, and ideological. Compromises with Congress must be struck if any legislation is to be adopted. Despite these constraints, every president achieves at least some of his legislative goals and prevents by veto the enactment of other laws he be lieves not to be in the nation's best interests. The president's authori ty in the conduct of war and peace, including the negotiation of treatie s, is substantial. Moreover, the president can use his unique position t o articulate ideas and advocate policies, which then have a better chanc e of entering the public consciousness than those held by his political rivals. Theodore Roosevelt called this aspect of the pres idency "the bully pulpit," for when a president raises an issue, it inev itably becomes subject to public debate. A president's power and influen ce may be limited, but they are also greater than those of any other Ame rican, in or out of office. Though constrained by various other laws passed by Congress, the Presiden t's executive branch conducts most foreign policy, and his power to orde r and direct troops as commander-in-chief is quite significant. edit Former Presidents After a president of the US leaves office, the title "President" contin ues to be applied to that person the rest of his or her life. Former pre sidents continue to be important national figures, and in some cases go on to successful post-presidential careers. Enlarge Presidents Bill Clinton, George Bush, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, and their wives at the funeral of President Richard Nixon on Apri l 27, 1994. These are not traditional libraries, but rather repositories for preserving and making available t he papers, records, and other historical materials for each US Preside nt since Herbert Hoover. ISBN 0743254333 * Waldman, Michael, and George Stephanopoulos, My Fellow Americans: The Most Important Speeches of America's Presidents, from George Washington to George W Bush. |
| tinyurl.com/5hna3 -> en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us_president#List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States superpower status of the United States, the American P resident is often dubbed "the most powerful person on earth" and the cur rent occupant is often one of the world's best-known figures. natural-born citizen of the United States (or a citizen of th e United States at the time the US Constitution was adopted), be at le ast 35 years of age, and have been a resident of the United States for 1 4 years. The natural-born citizenship requirement has been the subject of some con troversy in recent years. Some commentators argue that the clause should be repealed because it excludes qualified people based on technicalitie s, and fails to appreciate the contributions made by immigrants to Ameri can society. limits the President to either two fo ur-year terms or a maximum of ten years in office should he have succeed ed to the Presidency previously and served less than two years completin g his predecessor's term. Vice President are the only two nationally elected officials i n the United States. The votes were tallied and the person receiving the greatest number of votes (provided that such a num ber was a majority of electors) became President, while the individual w ho was in second place became Vice President. affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithful ly execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of t he United States." Herbert H oover have chosen to affirm rather than swear. The oath is traditionally ended with, "So help me God," although for religious reasons some Presi dents have said, "So help me." Constitution sa ys, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." To carry out this responsibility, the president presides over the executive branch of the federal government a vast organization numbering about 4 million people, including 1 million active-duty military personnel. Civil Service system, in which appointm ent and promotion are based on ability and experience. The President is also responsible for preparing the budget of the United States, although the Congress must approve it. Act of Congress, and, unless two- thirds of the members of each house vote to override the veto, the bill does not become law. Much of the legislation dealt with by Congress is drafted at the initiati ve of the executive branch. In annual and special messages to Congress, the president may propose legislation he believes is necessary. State of the Union Address tradit ionally given in January. Before a joint session of Congress, the Presid ent outlines the status of the country and his legislative proposals for the upcoming year. If Congress should adjourn without acting on those p roposals, the president has the power to call it into special session. B ut beyond this official role, the president, as head of a political part y and as principal executive officer of the US government, is primaril y in a position to influence public opinion and thereby to influence the course of legislation in Congress. Presidential aides keep abreast of all important legislative ac tivities and try to persuade senators and representatives of both partie s to support administration policies. Supreme Court, is subject to confirmation by the S enate. Another significant power is that of granting a full or condition al pardon to anyone convicted of breaking a federal law except in a ca se of impeachment. The pardoning power has come to embrace the power to shorten prison terms and reduce sentences. edit Foreign affairs Under the Constitution, the president is the federal official primarily r esponsible for the relations of the United States with foreign nations. The president appoints ambassadors, ministers, and consuls subject to confirmation by the Senate and receives foreign ambassadors and other public officials. With the secretary of state, the president manages all official contacts with foreign governments. On occasion, the president may personally participate in summit conferences where chiefs of state m eet for direct consultation. Department of Defense, the president is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. The president decides whether to recognize new nations and new governments, and negotiate treaties wi th other nations, which become binding on the United States when approve d by two-thirds of the Senate. edit Constraints on Presidential power Because of the vast array of presidential roles and responsibilities, cou pled with a conspicuous presence on the national and international scene , political analysts have tended to place great emphasis on the presiden t's powers. imperial presidency," ref erring to the expanded role of the office that Franklin D Roosevelt mai ntained during his term. One of the first sobering realities a new president discovers is an inher ited bureaucratic structure that can be difficult to manage and slow to change direction. The president's power to appoint extends only to some 3,000 people out of a civilian government work force of about 3 million. civil serv ice) often operates independently of presidential interventions, has don e so through earlier administrations, and will continue to do so in the future. New presidents are immediately confronted with a backlog of deci sions from the outgoing administration. Medicare health insurance for the elderly), which are man dated by law. In foreign affairs, presidents must conform with treaties and informal agreements negotiated by their predecessors in office. As the happy euphoria of the post-election "honeymoon" dissipates, the ne w president discovers that Congress has become less cooperative and the media more critical. The president is forced to build at least temporary alliances among diverse, often antagonistic interests economic, geogr aphic, ethnic, and ideological. Compromises with Congress must be struck if any legislation is to be adopted. Despite these constraints, every president achieves at least some of his legislative goals and prevents by veto the enactment of other laws he be lieves not to be in the nation's best interests. The president's authori ty in the conduct of war and peace, including the negotiation of treatie s, is substantial. Moreover, the president can use his unique position t o articulate ideas and advocate policies, which then have a better chanc e of entering the public consciousness than those held by his political rivals. Theodore Roosevelt called this aspect of the pres idency "the bully pulpit," for when a president raises an issue, it inev itably becomes subject to public debate. A president's power and influen ce may be limited, but they are also greater than those of any other Ame rican, in or out of office. Though constrained by various other laws passed by Congress, the Presiden t's executive branch conducts most foreign policy, and his power to orde r and direct troops as commander-in-chief is quite significant. edit Former Presidents After a president of the US leaves office, the title "President" contin ues to be applied to that person the rest of his or her life. Former pre sidents continue to be important national figures, and in some cases go on to successful post-presidential careers. Enlarge Presidents Bill Clinton, George Bush, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, and their wives at the funeral of President Richard Nixon on Apri l 27, 1994. These are not traditional libraries, but rather repositories for preserving and making available t he papers, records, and other historical materials for each US Preside nt since Herbert Hoover. ISBN 0743254333 * Waldman, Michael, and George Stephanopoulos, My Fellow Americans: The Most Important Speeches of America's Presidents, from George Washington to George W Bush. |