Berkeley CSUA MOTD:Entry 29484
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2003/8/27-28 [Computer/SW/WWW/Browsers, Computer/SW/OS/Windows, Computer/SW/Unix] UID:29484 Activity:low
8/27    This is a question for Imaging gurus.  I have a few JPEG
        files which I'm not able to view on my PC.  However, I am
        able to view the thumbnail of the pic in Windows Explorer
        in XP.  When I try to load it in 'xv' on unix I get the
        following errors.  The image is located at /csua/tmp/photo18.jpg.
        Is there any way to fix these JPEG errors?  Thanks for any
        help. -  madhav
        - Corrupt JPEG data: Premature end of data segment
        - Invalid JPEG file structure: two SOI markers
        \_ Opera and mspaint display it just fine.  Save as a different
           format maybe.  "SOI" = start of image.  -John
           \_ Thanks.  I tried on my work PC (W2K) and it seems to open the
              image fine without any problems in Netscape 7.1, IE 6, MS Paint,
              and MS Photo Editor. -madhav
        \_ Where did the image come from?  If it is from a digital camera,
           it is likely that they did a "smaller+regular" image trick.
           Basically they stored a smaller version of the image at
           the front to allow faster preview inside the camera.  Maybe
           "xv" just does not handle this case?  (Sounds like John's
           assumption of having "two Start Of Image" may back this up.)
           \_ The image came from my Sony Mavica CD-200 digital camera.
              What is weird is that not all pictures have this problem, only
              1 in 25-30. -madhav
           \_ I did a bit of digging, and apparently some jpeg file formats
              like SPIFF use SOI markers to indicate that the following
              information is format-specific.  Some decoders don't understand
              the tags which follow the additional markers, and just look
              at the SOI bits themselves.  Page for SPIFF is at
              http://netghost.narod.ru/gff/graphics/summary/spiff.htm
              What's the picture of?  -John
              \_ The picture is of the valley as seen from Jungfraujoch(highest
                 train station in Europe approx. 11500 feet) in
                 Switzerland. -madhav
ERROR, url_link recursive (eces.Colorado.EDU/secure/mindterm2) 2025/05/25 [General] UID:1000 Activity:popular
5/25    

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Cache (8192 bytes)
netghost.narod.ru/gff/graphics/summary/spiff.htm
For Further Information SPIFF may be best described as the "official" JPEG file format. When the Joint Photographic Experts Group (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1) established the JPEG compression standard in 1990, they didn't create a corresponding standard file format for the storage and interchange of JPEG data. Some five years later, SPIFF has been ratified by the JPEG committee to fill this omission. Why was an official JPEG file format not created by the original JPEG committee? The official reason is that the JPEG Convener at that time realized that numerous other standards groups were defining file formats for various application environments, such as SC18 for the Office Document Architecture (ODA) and SC24 for image processing applications. Each of these groups was planning on storing JPEG-compressed data within file formats of its own design. The Convener reasoned that a single file format covering the needs of all applications could not be adequately defined and concluded that the other standards bodies should be left to create their own formats to encapsulate JPEG data. The Convener also indicated that any file format work undertaken by the JPEG committee could be perceived as infringing upon the scope of work of other standards bodies. One unofficial reason for the decision was that the JPEG committee was under pressure to release its standard and, with quite a bit of work left to do, could not see taking on another major task, such as that of defining a file format. But raw JPEG data stored in a file does require some ancillary information to make it useful (such as the color space of the image), so creating a file format for JPEG data was something that someone needed to do, even if the format wasn't going to be officially sanctioned by the JPEG committee. The format that emerged was the JPEG File Interchange Format ( JFIF) created in 1992 by Eric Hamilton of C-Cube Microsystems and other developers as well. JFIF is the format typically used when software reads and writes what is more commonly referred to as a JPEG file. Although JFIF was a very simple format--containing little more than a header followed by a JPEG data stream--it was very portable across all operating systems, and it quickly became the de facto standard file format for storing JPEG image data. When Eric Hamilton took over as WG1 Convener ( JPEG and JBIG committees), he started to work on a completely defined file format for JPEG data. His rationale was that everybody else was working on large and complicated formats with lots of features, while the great majority of users only need something simple that allowed image interchange. JFIF is small, simple, and widespread, and practically every JPEG image display program reads it. One reason is that SPIFF is much more carefully designed, specified, and thought-out than JFIF. SPIFF is an official standard rather than an ad hoc one, and it has been through a more thorough review process. Extended features include support for more color spaces and a provision for specifying image gamma. The variation in gamma values means that JFIF images frequently come out too dark or too light, depending on their origins and the viewing system. SPIFF offers the opportunity to improve the situation by marking files with their image gamma. Viewers can then correct image brightness as needed for their display hardware. SPIFF is part of the JPEG standard and therefore is very well-defined in format, application, and compliance testing. It is fully expected that SPIFF will eventually replace JFIF as the file format of choice for continuous-tone color and gray-scale compressed image data. SPIFF will also be supported by the Independent JPEG Group's (IJG) JPEG library (included on the CD-ROM). What this means is that you can integrate SPIFF support into your image and graphics applications using a well-known, well-written, widely distributed, and freely available source code library that hundreds of applications already use. The SPIFF specification does not define a standard file extension or type indicator for SPIFF files. JPG is already commonly used for JFIF-format JPEG files. However, properly written JFIF-compatible software should read SPIFF-JPEG files without difficulty. The SPIFF format has been carefully designed to make this possible by defining the magic numbers and length fields to make the SPIFF header look like a series of JPEG APPn markers, which old JPEG decoders will just ignore. It is also reasonable to expect that SPIFF-JPEG software will also read JFIF files for backwards compatibility. Because JFIF and SPIFF-JPEG are interoperable, there is no need to confuse the average user by introducing a new file extension for SPIFF files containing JPEG data. The non-JPEG variants of SPIFF, however, are not interoperable with any existing software and, in fact, will confuse JFIF-only software considerably, so those variants need a different extension. SPF" also offers the advantage of maintaining a clear distinction between lossy and lossless SPIFF image formats, which should help to minimize user confusion and unintentional degradation of data. File Organization SPIFF files are composed of four major sections: the header, the information directory, the image data, and an optional section containing indirect data (that is, information too large to fit in the information directory). Header Directory Image Data Indirect Data The header is typical of most bitmap file headers and contains information necessary to properly decode the image data. The directory may be thought of as a secondary header that contains optional fields of information called directory entries. The image data is stored immediately after the directory and is followed by any directory data that was too large to fit in a single directory entry. File Details This section describes the contents of the SPIFF header and directory and provides other details of the format. SPIFF Header The header is 36 bytes in length and has the following format: typedef struct _SpiffHeader { DWORD MagicNumber; HeaderLength contains the length of the header excluding the MagicNumber field. These values are 53h 50h 49h 46h 46h 00h (the NULL-terminated string "SPIFF"). Version contains the major and minor revision of SPIFF that the file conforms to. The most significant byte contains the value 01h and the least significant byte contains the value 00h. Differing minor version numbers represent backward-compatible changes in the SPIFF format. Differing major version numbers represent backward-incompatible changes in SPIFF. File readers should attempt to read SPIFF files even if the minor revision number is not recognized, but should give up if the major version is not recognized. ProfileId specifies the features that the file reader must support to read the file. The possible values for this field are 0 (no profile specified), 1 (continuous-tone base profile), 2 (continuous-tone progressive profile), 3 (bi-level facsimile profile), and 4 (continuous-tone facsimile profile). NumberComponents indicates the number of color components (channels) in the primary image. This value is 1 for a typical gray-scale image and 3 for an RGB or CMY image. ImageHeight is the number of scan lines in the primary image. ColorSpace specifies the color space coordinate system used to define the samples. Allowed values for this field are: 0 Bi-level l YCbCr, ITU-R BT 709, video 2 No color space specified 3 YCbCr, ITU-R BT 601-1, RGB 4 YCbCr, ITU-R BT 601-1, video 5 Reserved 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 Gray-scale 9 PhotoYCC 10 RGB 11 CMY 12 CMYK 13 YCCK 14 CIELab BitsPerSample specifies the number of bits per sample. CompressionType indicates the type of compression algorithm used to encode the image data. The possible values for this field are: 0 Uncompressed, interleaved, 8 bits per sample 1 Modified Huffman 2 Modified READ 3 Modified Modified READ 4 JBIG 5 JPEG ResolutionUnits indicates the type of units used to express the resolution of the image. Possible values for this field are 0 (aspect ratio defined by VerticalResolution and HorizontalResolution), 1 (dots or samples per inch), or 2 (dots or samples per cent...